The Gaelic League :: Essays Papers

The Celtic League After the famine and the institution of Home reign on Ireland as part of the United body politic, the partially broken country, Ireland, became in need of nationalism in its land, along with something that would set the Irish apart from England. respond the call for leadership in a country with a desperate need for it, Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill stepped up. In 1893, the two joined to form the Gaelic League. The effects of this institution change the success of Ireland as a country. The Gaelic League was not only a source of nationalism and unity for the country, the league also gave Ireland a sense of uniqueness from its dominating and overbearing neighbor, England. The League eventually helped the country gain its independence. The Gaelic League did, however, experience great difficulties throughout its existence and became a factor in the eventual civil war in Ireland. The Gaelic League was designed by Douglas Hyde and Eoin M acNeill in order to separate Ireland from England. Similar to today, when countries do not want to loose their customs and traditions to the American customs and traditions, Ireland was striving to maintain its sense of individuality. Ireland, from the perspective of other nations, was just part of the United Kingdom and considered under the control of England (MacDonagh 68). Hyde and MacNeill, along with many others, were not content with the partial freedom Ireland received from the Home Rule Act. The act gave Ireland a chance to contract its own parliament, but would keep English institutions and speak English as their national language. In order to keep the Gaelic language alive, Gaelic disquisition and singing contests were held to promote the learning of the language (Brown 94). These contests were associated with the Gaelic Athletic Association which was a precursor to the Gaelic League. The Gaelic Athletic Associate created teams from Ireland which would compete aga inst for each one other, creating another source of income, although very minimal, for some peasants and another part of the economy for a financially weak country. These speaking competitions eventually lead to the creation of the Gaelic League. The goal of The Gaelic League was to maintain the Irish language by teaching it in schools.

Caught by a Computer :: Personal Narrative Cheating Papers

Caught by a Computer As I sat in his office, sweat dripped off my long brown bangs onto my light coloured collared button-down shirt. It was not because I was nervous, it was because it was the end of April and unseasonably warm in Charlottesville, Virginia. I was there, in my professors office, in my mind, because he cherished to build caught up with me about my future plans after graduation. He was curious about my plans for the summer, plans for my fianc and I, and plans for my career as a high school teacher at the human race school in my hometown, Mclean, Virginia. I was alone in his office, waiting for Dr. Bloomfield to show up to his office for our casual meeting scheduled for 330 that afternoon. The estrus was becoming unbearable. The University of Virginias century old buildings on the quad were not air conditioned, and I was beginning to wish that I had paid the extra cultivation to have them installed. I sat in his small dimly lit office, becoming impatient becaus e it was nearing four oclock. I began to notice the pictures that cluttered Dr. Bloomfields overrun office. Pictures of his wife, his twin daughters, who appeared to be roughly the same age as I, and his younger son, in his early teen years, sat atop stacks of periodicals and and to be graded finals. I noticed my final research paper on the top of the stack. This seemed odd however I guessed he only wanted to discuss it while we met, as foreclosure to the popular Intro. To Physics class for upperclassmen of his that I was enrolled in, as it was our final assignment. I was distracted once again by the align of pictures throughout his undeservedly small office. Among these were more pictures of his boat, his bay house on the Chesapeake Bay, and his chocolate lab Mocha, whom I was familiar with at this point due to some(prenominal) stories he shared in class. Dr. Bloomfield was a family man whom I had gained great respect for over the years. My aspirations for what I wanted my life to turn out standardised very closely replicated his own life. Sitting alone in his office gave me time to think about what I wanted to become, who I wanted to marry, how many an(prenominal) kids I wanted to have and so on.

Loyalty to Family in Barn Burning by William Faulkner Essay example --

Loyalty to Family in bacillus Burning by William Faulkner The short story Barn Burning by William Faulkner is a stark look at the struggle of a boy to try to do what is right, or do what is best for his family during the moorage Civil War era. The main character, Sartoris Snopes is a poor son of a migrant tenant farmer who, in the opening scene is being questioned more or less the burning of a farmers barn by his father, Abner Snopes. The boy is torn between choosing what is right, give notice (of)ing the truth, or lying to protect his father. The boy is not forced to tell to judge about his father burning the barn, but is certain he would have told if asked. The father is a soldier from the Civil War and has a bent grass for burning down the barns of those who cross his path. Faulkner uses the symbol of blood to illustrate the theme of loyalty to the family.Faulkner illustrates the theme of blood when he is to testify, and is pressured by his father to lie. In the jury-rigg ed courtroom, when the boy is put on the stand he is pressured because he knows that his father will do something rash if his son tells the truth. He also is told that some things are more important than the truth, that family is the most important thing. When Abner states, You would have told them. This shows how the boy feels toward his blood father, and how even though it would have been a lie he should have testified in his fathers favor. This scene also reveals how the father feels about family. The father belie...

Psychological and Sociological Factors in Smoking Addiction Essay

Psychological and Sociological Factors in Smoking AddictionUnderstanding the apparel of smoking tobacco plantThe essay will discuss how smoking tobacco became a habit among people what are the factors that affect the thinking of individuals in experimenting tobacco smoking and what makes them think of quitting smoking. It will address both psychological and sociological ideas and will attempt to apply each idea in order to fancy peoples lifestyles.IntroductionTobacco is a green and leafy plant and mostly grows in a warm environment. When it is fully grown, it will be harvested, dried, processed and can be used in different ways. It can be smoked in the form of cigarette, cigar, pipe, sniffle through the nose or it can also be chewed. In tobacco, there are thousands of chemicals and one of these chemicals is the nicotine that makes it addictive or can form a habit. Once you smoke tobacco, the nicotine goes to your blood stream that triggers your body to want more. Nicotine is a dr ug and a stimulant that changes your body in some way. If you smoke, it speeds up incision of your system (nervous) and makes you feel you have the zipper to cope with your daily living. Smoking also make your heart beat faster and raise your blood pressure (Jacobs, 1997). However, Jarvis (2004), states that the link with nicotine addiction does not implicate that pharmacological properties drives smoking behaviour in a simple way. It does not excludes other influences such as personal, social, economic and political and these influences play an important part in determining patterns of smoking prevalence (Jarvis, 2004). Psychological Aspects of the Habit of SmokingOnce smoking became a habit or you became addicted, it is hard to beat. It is ... .../niceMedia/documents/smoking_low_income.pdf Accessed 24th July 2010Niven, N. and Robinson J. (1994) psychology applied to nurses. In Mller, D. Psychology applied to nurses series. Chippenham Antony Rowe Ltd. stain of National Statis tics (2010). General Lifestyle Survey, Smoking and Drinking among Adults 2008 online. London statistics.gov.uk Available from http//www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/GLF08/GLFSmoking&DrinkingAmongAdults2008.pdf Accessed 20th July 2010Office of National Statistics (2007). Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2007 online London statistics.gov.uk Available from http//www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_health/smoking2007.pdf Accessed 25th July 2010 Office for National Statistics (2004) Prevalence of cigarette smoking by sex and age 1974 to 2003 General household Survey 2003 London OPSI

Charles Dickens Hard Times and David Lodges Nice Work Essay -- Lodge

Charles Dickens Hard Times and David sojourns Nice Work----Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect of the townfact, fact, fact everywhere in the immaterial. Charles DickensIn the primeval 1851, London staged the Great Exhibition to arrangement the human beings, the achievements and inventions of the industrial Revolution.Many people believed that this showed how much better, safer andhealthier Britain was than its neighbours in Europe. People living inmansions amid lawns and fountains, with long horse drawn carriagescertainly felt that life couldnt be better. However behind thepublicity and the royal occasions there was another England, not soglorious. Benjamin Disraeli wrote that Britain was really twonations, Dickens wanted to show his readers what was behind theglittering faade of Victorian industry. He wanted to show his readersthe factual humdrum behind the sulky blotch towns of industrialBritain.As the canvass title suggests, both charge up and Dickens have p ortrayedtheir format of an industrial landscape. two authors coddle in acrestfallen environment of the industrial world one at the height ofa revolution, the other at the height of a decline. Dickens is keen todepict his Victorian contemporary world of Coketown in an essentiallysatirical context. It is emblemed with certain thematic issuesincluding religion, the nature of employment and education, whichfollow communication channel throughout the book. This surreal caricature of theVictorian landscape contrasts with Lodges realistically styled piece.Lodges passage, which holds a fictional veil over the names ofRummidge and the Dark Country, is clearly intended to representBirmingham and the vague Country.In Hard Times it ca... ...o hold no target. In his account he principally adoptsan educational style prose to mirror the thoughts of his subject VicWilcox whilst also utilize a slightly more creative passage towards theend of the description to reveal governmental opinion and sen sequencent.Overall it is credible to say that the sources examined are quite adetached in similarity. This maybe due to the large disparity of timebetween time periods. In locating of success I think though Lodges modernstyle of writing should be recognized as acting games with thereader, I judge that the tone is overtly mundane and dreary. It is unachievable to give a comprehensive argument on Lodges point of viewdue to his modern isolated style from the writing. Dickens isappealingly aggressive, motivating and quite favourably figurative. Heleaves his readers without a shadow of a doubt of whom he isattacking. Charles Dickens Hard Times and David Lodges Nice Work Essay -- LodgeCharles Dickens Hard Times and David Lodges Nice Work----Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect of the townfact, fact, fact everywhere in the immaterial. Charles DickensIn the early 1851, London staged the Great Exhibition to show theworld, the achievements and inventio ns of the Industrial Revolution.Many people believed that this showed how much better, safer andhealthier Britain was than its neighbours in Europe. People living inmansions amid lawns and fountains, with horse drawn carriagescertainly felt that life couldnt be better. However behind thepublicity and the royal occasions there was another England, not soglorious. Benjamin Disraeli wrote that Britain was really twonations, Dickens wanted to show his readers what was behind theglittering faade of Victorian industry. He wanted to show his readersthe factual monotony behind the sulky blotch towns of industrialBritain.As the essay title suggests, both Lodge and Dickens have portrayedtheir format of an industrial landscape. Both authors coddle in acrestfallen environment of the industrial world one at the height ofa revolution, the other at the height of a decline. Dickens is keen todepict his Victorian contemporary world of Coketown in an essentiallysatirical context. It is emblemed with certain thematic issuesincluding religion, the nature of employment and education, whichfollow course throughout the book. This surreal caricature of theVictorian landscape contrasts with Lodges realistically styled piece.Lodges passage, which holds a fictional veil over the names ofRummidge and the Dark Country, is clearly intended to representBirmingham and the Black Country.In Hard Times it ca... ...o hold no target. In his account he mainly adoptsan educational style prose to mirror the thoughts of his subject VicWilcox whilst also using a slightly more creative passage towards theend of the description to reveal political opinion and sentiment.Overall it is credible to say that the sources examined are quitedetached in similarity. This maybe due to the large disparity of timebetween time periods. In view of success I think though Lodges modernstyle of writing should be recognized as playing games with thereader, I judge that the tone is overtly mundane and dreary. It isimpossi ble to give a comprehensive argument on Lodges point of viewdue to his modern isolated style from the writing. Dickens isappealingly aggressive, motivating and quite favourably figurative. Heleaves his readers without a shadow of a doubt of whom he isattacking.

Charles Dickens Hard Times and David Lodges Nice Work Essay -- Lodge

Charles daimon Hard Times and David Lodges Nice clobber----Fact, point, fact, everywhere in the material aspect of the townfact, fact, fact everywhere in the immaterial. Charles dickensIn the early 1851, London staged the Great parade to show theworld, the achievements and inventions of the Industrial Revolution.Many people believed that this showed how much better, safer and healthier Britain was than its neighbours in Europe. People living inmansions amid lawns and fountains, with horse drawn carriages certain(prenominal)ly felt that life-time couldnt be better. However behind thepublicity and the gallant occasions there was another England, not soglorious. Benjamin Disraeli wrote that Britain was really twonations, Dickens wanted to show his readers what was behind theglittering faade of prim industry. He wanted to show his readersthe factual monotony behind the sulky blotch towns of industrialBritain.As the es asseverate title suggests, both Lodge and Dickens have portra yedtheir format of an industrial landscape. Both authors coddle in adeflated environment of the industrial world one at the circus tent ofa revolution, the other at the height of a decline. Dickens is keen todepict his straitlaced contemporary world of Coketown in an essentiallysatirical context. It is emblemed with certain thematic issuesincluding religion, the nature of employment and education, whichfollow course throughout the book. This surreal caricature of the strait-laced landscape contrasts with Lodges realistically appearanced piece.Lodges passage, which enforces a fictional veil over the names ofRummidge and the Dark Country, is clearly mean to representBirmingham and the Black Country.In Hard Times it ca... ...o hold no target. In his account he mainly adoptsan educational trend prose to mirror the thoughts of his prevail over VicWilcox whilst also using a slightly more fictive passage towards theend of the description to reveal political opinion and sentiment.O verall it is credible to say that the sources examined are quitedetached in similarity. This maybe receivable to the large disparity of timebetween time periods. In view of success I think though Lodges modernstyle of writing should be recognized as playing games with thereader, I judge that the tone is overtly mundane and dreary. It isimpossible to give a comprehensive railway line on Lodges point of viewdue to his modern isolated style from the writing. Dickens isappealingly aggressive, motivating and quite favourably figurative. Heleaves his readers without a shadow of a doubt of whom he isattacking. Charles Dickens Hard Times and David Lodges Nice Work Essay -- LodgeCharles Dickens Hard Times and David Lodges Nice Work----Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect of the townfact, fact, fact everywhere in the immaterial. Charles DickensIn the early 1851, London staged the Great Exhibition to show theworld, the achievements and inventions of the Indus trial Revolution.Many people believed that this showed how much better, safer andhealthier Britain was than its neighbours in Europe. People living inmansions amid lawns and fountains, with horse drawn carriagescertainly felt that life couldnt be better. However behind thepublicity and the royal occasions there was another England, not soglorious. Benjamin Disraeli wrote that Britain was really twonations, Dickens wanted to show his readers what was behind theglittering faade of Victorian industry. He wanted to show his readersthe factual monotony behind the sulky blotch towns of industrialBritain.As the essay title suggests, both Lodge and Dickens have portrayedtheir format of an industrial landscape. Both authors coddle in acrestfallen environment of the industrial world one at the height ofa revolution, the other at the height of a decline. Dickens is keen todepict his Victorian contemporary world of Coketown in an essentiallysatirical context. It is emblemed with certain themati c issuesincluding religion, the nature of employment and education, whichfollow course throughout the book. This surreal caricature of theVictorian landscape contrasts with Lodges realistically styled piece.Lodges passage, which holds a fictional veil over the names ofRummidge and the Dark Country, is clearly intended to representBirmingham and the Black Country.In Hard Times it ca... ...o hold no target. In his account he mainly adoptsan educational style prose to mirror the thoughts of his subject VicWilcox whilst also using a slightly more creative passage towards theend of the description to reveal political opinion and sentiment.Overall it is credible to say that the sources examined are quitedetached in similarity. This maybe due to the large disparity of timebetween time periods. In view of success I think though Lodges modernstyle of writing should be recognized as playing games with thereader, I judge that the tone is overtly mundane and dreary. It isimpossible to give a c omprehensive argument on Lodges point of viewdue to his modern isolated style from the writing. Dickens isappealingly aggressive, motivating and quite favourably figurative. Heleaves his readers without a shadow of a doubt of whom he isattacking.

Virgin Corporate Strategy

VIRGINS GROUP CORPORATE STRATEGY DIVERSIFICATION 1. Introduction The gross(a) class is ace of Britains biggest and successful empires in the 21st century. The company has successfully incorporated a great number of diverse industries under the Virgin print. This includes travel, mobile, financial services, leisure, cosmetics, retail, and medication businesses. Virgin has been able to dominate the British food market place and has therefore continued to rapidly expand into other regions such as the United States, Canada and Australia.The enterprise was founded by Sir Richard Branson in 1970 as a simple mail-order record retailer and has grown into one(a) of the most prosperous business empires in the business world. To date, the Virgin Group has globalized and completed in over 200 small to mid-sized unwaverings, employing over 25,000 people. As a result, the company has exceeded over $7 billion in revenue in 2002. Each one of Virgins 200 firms operates as a single entity.Br anson either holds ownership of a firm as CEO, or has a minority or majority stake. The Virgin Group does not hold a hierarchal presence within the empire, which allowed its various subsidiaries to operate in an self-reliant manner. 2. Richard Branson The strategic thinking As the creator of Virgin and a famous personality around the world, Richard Branson has created an entrepreneurial culture that is carried throughout the Virgin group of companies.His anti-corporation and anti-bureaucracy sapidity resulted in a flat organizational structure with transp arncy and quick communication his loyalty and care for friends let to an organization with great employee focus, and too attracted rough of the best people to work for him for a moderate salary. Looking into his kind of strategic thinking, we can see that it is characterized by having a sound relationship with risk. His attitude towards risk is explorative, willing to take risks in order to enter into completely new business es that the company knew nothing until now. In addition to this, their display case of thinking, as an mage of their loss leader, is characterized by being intuitive, requiring no systematic risk analysis, based largely only in the rapid perception of alternative strategic intuition. This kind of thinkers are at one time known as entrepreneurs but in this situation combined with a strong social component as Sir Richard Branson often uses himself to convey the groups message into the media or as a tool to promote the groups brand. Is this kind of strategic thinking that explains the high level of orthogonal variegation of the group that we are exploring in this report. 3. Organizational Analysis and Corporate Strategy ValuesThe Virgin Groups overall brand identity is reinforced upon the founder Richard Bransons philosophy which states that if you keep your staff happy then the customer will be happy, and if you keep the customer happy then the shareholders are happy, shape the bu siness around people, Build dont buy, Be the best, not the biggest, Pioneer, dont follow the leader or staff first, then customers and shareholders are some the main(prenominal) guidelines of Richard Branson and we can see it as some of the company values. This underlying belief transcends into each one of Virgins subsidiaries and into each individual organizational culture.This is evident in the way in which members of the Virgin group interact with one another, as it is seeming(a) that all members at Virgin agree strongly about certain beliefs, values, and assumptions, which are reinforced within the company. Virgin has continually retained a strong belief that it is their employees who deliver brilliant customer service give the company its personality, shape its culture, and innovate. They are viewed as Virgins greatest asset and as such, management believes that employees should be treated with respect.Management whole steps aft(prenominal) their employees welfare and allow s them the freedom to grow and be themselves. Virgin actively encourages personal expression, whether it is in their speech, creative and conceptual thinking, or dress code. It is these fundamental values and beliefs that have allowed Virgin to thrive in such a competitive environment, challenge new opportunities and excel in its markets, while still continuing to operate with integrity. As we know the core competencies of a company should meet three requirements -Significant value creation for the clients Difficulty of false by competitors -Access to new markets As we look into Virgin we can see that each subsidiary shares a set of values that are continually strengthened value for money, excellent quality increases, brilliant customer service, innovation, competition and consistently having fun throughout the process. Virgin would only put its name to a attend if it met four out of five criteria it must be innovative, challenge authority, offer value for money by being better than the competitors, be good quality, and the market must be growing.In such a large conglomerate empire as the Virgin Group, these broad set of fundamental beliefs continually work to strengthen the companys brand as well as its culture. 3. Corporate Strategy formulation Diversification Entering new markets using the brand Virgin is the strong asset of the group. Diversification is the name of this process in which Virgin leveraged his brand recognition as a form of growth schema for the company. It seeks to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets.There are two kind of reasons for which a company look for diversification Defensive reasons which may be spreading the risk of market contraction, or being forced to diversify when trustworthy product or current market orientation seems to provide no further opportunities for growth. Offensive reasons may be getting into new positions, taking opportunities that offers greater pr ofitability than expansion opportunities, or using retained cash that exceeds total expansion needs.Instead of focusing in increasing the main competencies of their initial core business Virgin center in diversifying risk acquiring new skills, new techniques and new facilities hence through an offensive strategy. Therefore, they followed not the internecine development of new products or markets or acquisition of new firms but bond or marijuana cigarette ventures with a complementary company which could enable them to operate in a new and unrelated market based on a set of attributes and values rather than a market sector. It was about being the consumers champion We can all this type of strategy as Conglomerate diversification (or lateral diversification). The corporate strategy of the Virgin Group is to operate like a venture capital firm based on the Virgin brand. This strategy involves non-related diversification at the individual business unit level. By leveraging on the Vi rgin Brand which has established prominence in the minds of consumers, Virgin is able to enter new business areas shaking up existing orders. Bransons has entered in a business after another in which he perceived a set of consumers that were being underserved by a complacent and dominant player.The unique Virgin culture also allows Virgin to execute its ventures very effectively which were inspired in the keiretsu system as Branson was a convicted fan of the Japanese approach to business and their commitment to long-run development and focus on organic growth. The similarities are in a sense that Virgin is a group of companies pretty much diversify which have formal links in management and financial and also share a common identity. The formal linkages between the companies are, as we saw in the case, the ownership, the brand and the management.In order to protect the brand Virgin and Bransons name the group is keeping some companies that are running with losses. Speaking in financ ials they are selling some of the most profitable companies as Virgin Records to finance the new start-ups. This is due to the fact that they identify a company in operation(p) in a segment which is clearly moving toward maturity to decline and instead of keeping it they sell moving to a new and growing market through diversification. The Virgin Group covers a wide range of industries-from Travel and Tourism (Limousines, Vacations, etc. , Leisure and Pleasure (Spa, Games, etc. ), Social and Environment (Green Fund, Virgin Earth), Beverages (wines and soft drinks), Media and Telecommunications (Radio, Broadband, Mobile, etc), Books, Clothing, Finance and Money, and Health (Health Bank, Life Care). But despite its diversification in terms of industries and products, it never diversified its brand names. All of its services and products in every industry have the name Virgin affixed to it. Virgin is a strong but cosmopolitan brand name so universal that many analysts believe the grou p should franchise to others unrelated companies.The Virgin brand made it possible to overcome barriers to entry in various industries and sectors and has been the groups most important asset, together with Richard Branson. 4. Virgin Cola Overview of Strategy Formulation Virgin Cola was created up during the early 1990s in a joint venture with Cott, a Canadian company that specializes in bottling own-label drinks for the UK market. Cott was looking for a major international brand that could have global appeal. Thats when Richard Branson attempted to reach out the Virgin franchise into the cola market.Using the brand pattern in the Virgin Groups diversification strategy, Branson claimed to fight the incumbents, Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola in alliance with an organization with core competencies in this area. Within a few months of its release, Virgin Cola had a 50% market share in the outlets that sold it. As Virgin stands for value of money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense of comp etitive challenge they focus in the brand awareness to create the differentiation from the main competitors.Cross-promotion has been Bransons main weapon, serving Virgin Cola on Virgin Atlantic flights and (until they closed down) at Virgin Cinemas. In fact, we can see that this pattern was repeated in turn in each new diversification, in each one was followed by expansions of the products markets, based either on new strategic alliances or within internal development and Virgin Cola followed the trend and also increased the portfolio and created new products (flavor expansions).The strong brand positioning and the innovative character were the key issues in the product differentiation options which can be can be explained due to the clients linkage with the High risk perception associated with the products capability malfunction and the clients low level of confidence in the choice of the product. We can also observe several stages of internationalization to countries where there was an Anglo-Saxon matrix, in this case France, Belgium, South Africa and later on the US.We can also see that there are still some actions regarding vertical integration, but more with a commercial purpose rather than operational. So far it has failed to overtake Pepsi in the UK as Richard Branson claimed it would, and unlike Pepsi or Coke its relatively hard to visualize cans of Virgin Cola on sale anywhere as they have a weakness in distribution channels.

RENE DESCARTES PROOF OF GOD’S EXISTENCE: ACRITICAL EXPOSITION Essay

The uncertainty of beau motifl is a repeated subject of debate in the history of philosophical scholarship and usher push through be located in nearly any the epochs of philosophy. The subject however occupies a central space in the medieval epoch that was characterized by spiritual thinkers. The debate is largely between two schools of prospect. There be those who opine that there is no such entity as matinee idol. To such thinkers, the question of God does not amount to anything unless is largely a product of human imagination. On the early(a) hand, there are certain group of thinkers who insist that God is a reality that exist and mustiness be given due consideration. Thus, the onus lies on the single who affirms the initiation of God to explain who or what this God is and to stand up his beingness. The subject of God may have being difficult to explain because the term God does not refer to any physical entity in the universe. Rene Descartes who is wide revered as the father of modern font philosophy affirmed the origination of God and proffered two personal credit lines for the existence of God. Many scholars have bore their sagaciousnesss on the question of God, but our aim in this paper is to examine the various ramifications of Descartes proof of Gods existence. To achieve this aim, our exposition shall follow this outlineLife and workings of DescartesWho is God?The historical trajectory of the occupation of GodThe cogito a background to the Cartesian prof of Gods existence Descartes proof of Gods existenceCriticisms of the Cartesian proof of Gods existenceEvaluationConclusionLife and works of Rene DescartesDescartes is the offset printing major philosophical thinker of the modern period and the father of modern philosophy. He was born in La Haye, a small town near Tours in France on the 3rd of bump into he received a Jesuit education at the Jesuit college of La fleche in Anjou, matchless of the best schools of his time. Upon co mpletion of his studies, he went to Holland where he fall in the army in 1618. The following year, he travelled to Germany where he began to develop his whims concerning how intimacy should be acquired.Descartesreturned to France in 1628 but soon returned to Holland where he remained until 1649, when he went to Sweden at the request of Queen Christina to come and tutor her in philosophy and knowledge in general. He is said to have died of pneumonia on the 11th of February 1650. Descartes has many achievements to his name, he invented the analytic geometry and the Cartesian coordinate system named after him. His major works include The Rules for the Direction of the Mind (1628), the world (1629), Discourse on Method (1637), Optics (1637), meteorology (1637), Meditations on first Philosophy (1641), Principles of Philosophy (1644) and Passions of the soul (1649). Who is God?Much of the disagreement about proofs of Gods existence is due to different conceptions of God. immaculate t heism, for instance, characterizes God as a supreme metaphysical being. Despite extensive writing on the nature of God, these classical theists did not believe that God could be defined. They believed that it would be contradictory to the transcendent nature of God if mere humans are able to define him. By contrast, much of Eastern religious thought (chiefly pantheism) presents God as a force inherent in every accessible and conceivable experience. In modern times, the concept of God typically entails a monotheistic, supreme, ultimate, and personal being, as found in the Islamic, Christian and Hebrew traditions. A historical trajectory of the problem of God.Since the ancient epoch of philosophy, philosophers have always grappled with the problem of the existence of God. Thus we shall examine the general posture that the discourse of God assumed before and after the advent of Descartes. This would properly position us to look the background from were Descartes emerges. The ancient W estern tradition of philosophical discuss of the existence of God began with Plato and Aristotle, who made arguments that would today be categorized as cosmological. In the medieval epoch of philosophy, opposite arguments for the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm, who formulated the first ontological argument Avicena Averroes and Thomas Aquinas, who refined the cosmological argument (the kalam argument and the first way, respectively). In the modern period, Descartes, asserts that the existence of a benevolent God is logicallynecessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful and Immanuel Kant, also contended that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good.The cogito a background to Descartes prof of Gods existence Descartes was skeptical of the knowledge he acquired over the years, because he thinks that real knowledge requires certainty. To attain certainty, we need a foundation and then, we need a way of building from that foundation to other truths. Descartes describes his foundation in the first meditation. His starting point is the collection of beliefs. Thus he looks for grounds of doubt for certain basic beliefs and having found certain grounds for doubt, all other beliefs establish on the basic beliefs will tumble. He rejects beliefs acquired through sense perception on the ground that we could be dreaming. He further rejects a priori beliefs for example mathematical truths on grounds that there could be an evil deceiver who is so all-powerful and possibly responsible for making him conceive of these beliefs. Having doubted his beliefs, Descartes discovers that he exists, for even if there is a powerful deceiver, he must exist.The reason for his certainty about this belief is that he is thinking, whether this thinking consists of being deceived by the evil deceiver or not. In other to be thinking, he must exist. He avers cogito ego sum-I think, therefore I exist. Thus, his existence serves as a model for a cquiring other kinds of knowledge. However, Descartes has not totally extricated himself from his self-imposed doubt and to do so, he proves the existence of a God who is not a deceiver. The Cartesian proof of Gods existence.Descartes proffered two arguments for the existence of God in the meditations, neither is original. The first is a version of the cosmological argument espoused by ancient thinkers and the second is a reformulation of Anselms ontological argument the starting point for the two fold argument is his clear and distinct idea of God. That is, he infers the existence of God from his idea of God. The causal argument for the existence of GodDescartes first argument can be summarized as an attempt to prove Gods existence by causal reasoning. He asserts that his idea of God could only have been caused by God. Below is a concise presentation of his causal argument All effects including ideas are caused by something.There must be at least as much reality in the cause as the re is in the effect. I have an idea of God as an in exhaustible and ideal being.The idea of God in my mind is an effect that was caused by something I am exhaustible and feeble and thus could not be the cause of the idea of an infinite and complete God. Only an infinite being could be the cause of such an idea. Therefore, God (an infinite and perfect being) exist.The first premise of the causal argument derives from a commonly held belief that has long being a premise in other arguments for the existence of God. The logic behind Descartes second premise can be explained thus, he says a cold object such as a plug of water cannot become hot unless something else causes that heat. But, the cause must have a high degree as the effect. For it is impossible for one level of reality (the stewing water) to be produced by a cause that is less than the effect (a cold stove). Just as heated water is an effect that requires a cause, so Descartes idea of an infinite and perfect being is an effect or a phenomenon that needs to be accounted for. It is possible that Descartes could have produced the idea of God himself. But for him, a finite object can only produce another finite object. Hence, Descartes says ordinarily, the idea in his mind does not tell him if there is the existence of any away reality.However, the idea of perfection is unique. If he could not have manufactured it himself, then it will necessarily follow that he is not alone in the world, but that some other thing which is the cause of this idea exist. That thing can only be God therefore, God exists. Descartes further corroborated his argument by demonstrating that his keep up existence requires an adequate cause. Using a variation of his causal argument, he argues that a being such as himself who contains the idea of perfection cannot come from an imperfect cause. In the cause of searching for an explanation for his own sustained existence, he introduces the principle that there cannot be an infin ite regress of causes therefore these causes must end in an ultimate cause and that cause is God. He conceives God as an infinite substance who is Omniscient, omnipotent, everlasting, unchanging, perfect, and the creator of all things. The ontological argument.In the meditation, Descartes employed a version of Anselms ontological argument to buttress the existence of God. Descartes begins by stating that the essence of a thing is different from its existence. The essence of a thing is that prop without which it cannot be what it is. He argues that, to be a perfect being, a being must include in itself all perfection. Existence is perfection, therefore a perfect being (God) necessarily exist. The main outline of Descartes version of the ontological argument is as followsI have the idea of a God that possess all perfection,Existence is a kind of perfectionIf the God I am thinking of lacked existence, then he will not be perfectHence, if I can have the idea of a perfect God, I must c onclude that existence is one of Gods essential attributes.If existence is one of Gods essential attributes, he must existTherefore God exist.Descartes bases his argument on the notion that when one clearly guesss the nature of something, one would be lead to conceive of all its essential properties. The idea of God according to Descartes is always thought to be the idea of a perfect being. As such, such a being cannot lack perfection of any kind, including existence. And no other being has existence as a part of its essence. Thus Descartes says, it would be contradictory to say, I think of a perfect being who necessarily has existence as its property but who does not exist. Having proved the existence of God, Descartes uses the existence of God to explain his existence. He now sees God as the source of his existence and sustenance. Prior to his discovery of God, he had no idea of wherefore he existed, for he could find no power within him that could bring about his existence. He now realizes that he is imperfect finite and dependent on God. Criticisms of the Cartesian proof of Gods existence.There are many problems with Descartes argument. Perhaps, the most obvious are his reliance on the causal principles, his acceptance of his previous scholastic beliefs about the degrees of reality of ideas and of things and his claim that his idea of God is clear and distinct. Descartes posits that the light of nature teaches us how to distinguish what is clear and distinct from what is not. One problem that relieve remains a puzzle concerns how wecan know when the infallible light of nature is guiding us and when our natural impulses are leading us since we do not have any means of detecting when our natural impulses are leading us from those instances where we are led by the light of nature. Several theologians of Descartess time challenged the claim that infinity and perfection must precede all thoughts of finitude and imperfection.One of such critics puts it thus, I can surely take a given degree of being, which I perceive within myself, and add on a further degree of being, and thus construct the idea of a perfect being from all the degrees which are capable of being added on. If finite minds can construct the idea of infinity or perfection in this manner, we do not need to look outside of ourselves in an attempt to account for the origin of our idea of infinity. Though many theologians who used this argument agree that there is the existence of God, they simply think that Descartes provided an inadequate argument for the existence of God. Many philosophers have also objected that existence is not a property at all, hence cannot be derived from the concept of God in the same way as Gods benevolence or omnipotence. We can also question Descartes claim that his idea of God is clear and distinct. Perhaps, the idea of a supremely perfect being contains a contradiction. Even if we were to grant Descartes that reality or existence is a property, why must we think that there is a most perfect being-that is, that there is a top to the scale, at which actuality is reached?From our exposition, it is apparent that Descartes rationalistic method has led him out of the slit of doubt. He is now certain of the existence of himself and God. The existence of God for him is particularly important because it released him from the prison of his mind. He now knows that something exists outside his own mind and its ideas. Thus, he uses his certainty of the existence of God as a bridge to the external world. It is important to note however that Descartes aim is to show that all knowledge can be derived from reason. He begins with the cogito which shows him that he exists as a thinking thing. From the cogito, he knows that what he clearly and distinctly perceives by the light of nature must be true. Then he discovers certain clear and distinct principles which together with a clear and distinct idea of God enable him to derive Gods existence . Andones he has done this, he is able to remove the evil demon as a ground of doubt since an even more powerful benevolent perfect deity exist.We have successfully examined the issue of the existence of God. We began by examining the ambiguous nature of the concept of God after which we attempted to understand how the truth of the cogito led Descartes to the discovery of the existence of God and the terrestrial world. from our exposition, we can say that conclusions on the existence of God can be divided on numerous axes, producing a variety of independent classifications such as Theism and atheism, Gnosticism and agnosticism, Ignosticism, and Apatheism. Though Descartes can be criticized and has been criticized on many fronts, his contribution to the God question cannot be over emphasized. He has inspired many after him who have also contributed their quota to the problem all in a view to proffer solution to the perennial problem of God.BibliographyLawhead F., William, the Voyage of Discovery A Historical Introduction to Philosophy, second edition, U.S.A Wadsworth, 2002. Sutchile F. E., Descartes Discourse on the Method, (trans.) London Penguin Books, 1968. Ariscombe E. and Geach, P. T., Descartes philosophical writings (Ed.) New York Open University hale 1971. Beardsley C. Monroe, The European Philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche, New York Random House Inc. 1992. Norris C., on Truth and meaning Language, Logic and the Grounds for Belief, London and New York Continuum, 2006. Jimoh K. A., Certitude and Doubt A hunt down in Epistemology, Ibadan Ebony Books and Kreations, 2013.

Comparing the ‘Club 18-30’, ‘Superfamily’ and ‘Forever Young’ brochures

Media is the means of communicating news and information to the public via printed and visual media. In contemporaneous society printed media has become an essential way to advertise a product to its target auditory sense, as it is a cheap and accessible form of communication. Furthermore, examples of printed media stern be seen in many different ways as they be varied forms such as leaflets, newspapers and leaflets.For this particular piece of coursework I give be comparing the Club 18-30, Superfamily and Forever Young booklets and seeing how they attract their target audience by using various linguistic and presentation devices. The Club 18-30 leaflet appears to be aimed towards a younger and more outgoing audience who ar partygoers. This can be seen finished its choice of layout and organization. Although its layout might appear rushed and erratic to the older and untargeted section of society, it actu everyy provides the younger generation with all the qualities needed in a good club brochure.The layout and organization can also be seen to be enticing as it sucks the younger audience because of its simplistic form. However done the choice of layout and organization of the Superfamily brochure the audience immediately realises that the brochures target audience is families with young children as shown by the childish qualities of the presentation bubbles, distinctive colours and so forthThe layout and organisation of the Superfamily brochure is different to the others as it is clearly trying to lure children and their parents to read the brochure. Furthermore, the Forever Young brochure identifies its target audience, which appears to be mature sophisticated adults. This is shown through the layout and organization of the brochure, as it is well structured and organised.The brochure appeals to this specific type of audience since mature reserved adults are not interested in a humorous brochure as they care not for the brochures appearance, this i s shown in the brochures text layout and organisation as most young tribe in a contemporary society will find the brochure dull and tiresome. The use of presentational devices in the Club 18-30 brochure reinforces the sense of reliability and authenticity, as shown by the logotype of the brochure, which informs the audience that the club is an established company.Furthermore the logo specifies its target audience and uses eye-catching colours, red and yellow, reflecting the sun to entice the reader to continue reading the brochure and display the enjoyment many experience at the resort in order for people travel to the resort so they can participate in the excitement. Equally the picture succeeds in attracting its the target audience in a similar way as it enhances the sense of reliability and enjoyment, which is shown by the way the people in the picture are presented as enjoying themselves.Sub headings are also used to empathise with the audience and deal with essential question s but can be slightly abrupt by reflecting the demanding attitude of many young people. Furthermore the Superfamily brochure appeals to its target audience with its use of presentational devices such as the unlawful shape of its picture, which develops the child theme of the brochure as it is something interesting to a child would enjoy.The central, socialising picture, also illustrates the lively yet relaxed social icon for all the family and focuses on the more relevant aspects of the holiday for a family holiday, such as the accommodation, which clearly guides the reader suggesting it is a comfortable and secure environment for young children. On top of this, bullet points and sub-headings are effectively combined to summarise key points of the holiday and focuses the reader on essential information as parents need this expedient information to organise their holiday so that they may feel that their children are being catered for.Additionally the use of presentational devices in the Forever young brochure enhances the quality and sophistication of the brochure, as devices such as bullet points and sub-headings are used to organise and structure the most useful information and present it in an informative way. The two pictures in the brochure also illustrate the accommodation but balance it with interesting educational places to visit on the holiday.This is done in a controlled manner, as the brochure seems to be aimed more towards mature sophisticated adults who would expect formality and professionalism. The Club 18-30 brochure lend oneselfs the use of informal language to engage its target audience as this type of language appeals to the youthful generation in the contemporary society. The take up you will need a fair morsel of wedge because theres so much to do demonstrates the writer desire to relate with younger people on an informal relaxed level, which helps the reader engage his audience because of its simplicity.Abbreviations like Fab and Med are used in the brochure to further empathise with the youthful audience and to manipulate them not to lose interest, as the brochure uses informal language they visualize but mature adult would be less comfortable with, which confirms how friendly the writer to be towards young people, as obviously this is a device used to run and encourage young people to spend their hard earned money at the club. Further use of informal language can be seen in the line enough to keep even the most hardened party animals happy which challenges the reader and cleverly influences them to go to the club.Factual language can also be seen in the brochure but it is not excessive preferring to engage young people with informal and more evocative language compared to actual. However the Super family brochure takes a different approach compared to the Club 18-30, as the brochure is aimed towards families with young children. This is shown in the line It has a beautiful one kilometre long margin of gent le-shelving white sand where the brochure employs the use of emotive and factual language, which appeals to a wider audience rather than the expected target audience.The activities also listed in the first paragraph weewee sports are available, as well as tennis, go-karting and cycling attractive active and out going people who are energetic. The brochure also empathises with audience in the line No need to agonise over a menu which inform the audience that their holiday will be taken care for them and illustrates a relaxed, calm, comfortable scene as many parents wish to do this on their holiday.The line There are plenty of family activities evokes a sense of security to the parents as they know what will be available for them to do on there holiday. The linguistic devices used to entice mature adults in the Forever young brochure vary from factual language in the line It is the largest of the Balearies which is used to give a factual representation of the holiday, to emotive lang uage in the line an island of incredible beauty to evoke a sense of anticipation for the holiday.The consolidating options in the line it need never be the same resort twice along with the emotive word abundance emphasises the numerous activities available in the resort and the variety available to the people on holiday. The simple sentence Quite simple it has something for everyone empathises with the audience and their needs, at the same time as communicate the audience of the quality of the holiday.Through my analysis of the three brochures and their use of presentational and linguistic devices they can be seen to have engaged their targeted audiences effectively as the brochures employ the use of formal, informal and emotive language to entice their targeted audience to the holidays the brochures are advertising. Furthermore, I can clearly announce that the brochures have achieved their fundamental purpose, as I have identified their targeted audience and empathised with them t o get a clear understanding of the brochures are trying to convey.

Mexico

Being one of the largest countries in the cosmea, Mexico boosts its territorial area amassing al almost 2 million square kilometers of land. Apart from this, Mexico in addition has a diverse topography as manifested by its accessible climate. At any time of the year, it has been say that Mexico has a amelio station climate especially in many p arts of its central highlands and some of its coastal locations.Although this has been the case, Mexicos parsimony is said to be mostly driven by tourism, industrial harvest-timeion, oil and gas production, textiles and clothing, and tillage. It has besides been a worldwide fact that Ameri green goddesss visit Mexico more often than any other countries in the world because of its attractive and favorable tourist destinations. In addition, there has been numerous factories which nurture been built to take advantage of the lower labor costs of Mexico. Aside from the vast industrial milieu, Mexico to a fault has been contributing almost 1/5 of the worlds oil reserves. Mexicos betingly progressive economic activity is mainly attributed to its wide production as nearly as exports on a wide selection of artless goods.Meanwhile, it has long been said that the economy of Mexico is characterized by a free market. In novel propagation, its complete(a) domestic product has surpassed almost a trillion dollars which makes it one of the largest economies in the world. It is also firmly established as an upper middle-income state of matter with the highest income per capita in Latin the States in market exchange rates. However, Mexico is the only Latin the Statesn country to be member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.Since the 1994 crisis, subsequent administrations were said to have greatly influenced the improvement in the macroeconomic fundamentals of Mexico. After its slow return in 2001, it pull downtually managed to maintain a small corroboratory growth. Although Moodys (in March 20 00) and Fitch IBCA (in January 2002) have issued favorable investment-grade ratings for its sovereign debt, Mexico still needs to look for possible remedies to alleviate societal problems. Even if there has obtained a p outliveered level of macroeconomic stability that has reduced inflation and interest rates to record lows and affixd income per capita, there still exists problems regarding social inequities. These problems include the need to rise infrastructure, modernize the tax system and labor laws and reduce income inequality.The economy of Mexico contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture. These economic segments of Mexico are said to be mostly dominated by the nonpublic firmament. However, recent administrations have grow competition in sea ports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, immanent gas distribution and airports with the use up of upgrading infrastructure. Meanwhile, near 90% of its work considering that Mexico i s an export-oriented economy is under free betray agreements (FTAs).The Free trade agreement is composed and agreed upon by almost 40 countries including the European Union, Japan, Israel and many countries in Central and South America. However, the most influential among all free trade agreements is the NAFTA. NAFTA has said to have existed in 1994 and was sign(a) in 1992 by the governments of the get together States, Canada and Mexico. In 2006, trade with its northern partners accounted for close to 90% of Mexicos exports and 55% of its imports, with the great help from the free trade agreements.After five decades of political upthrow by and by independence in Mexico, the four consecutive administrations of President Porfirio Daz was said to be the igniting factor for the economic progress of Mexico. During his term, the locomote force of the 19th century in Mexico has brought about economic growth as manifested with numerous alien investments and by in-migration. Also wi th his term, President Diaz was able to develop an high-octane railroad system as well as the great use of natural re cums.It has also been said that during Diaz term, the gross domestic product of Mexico was also grasp those of Argentina and Uruguay during circa 1900 and it was almost three times more than the gross domestic product of Brazil and Venezuela. Its annual economic growth amidst 1876 and 1910 has also averaged by 3.3%. However, its inequitable land distribution system led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910-1917, which has transformed the fundamental aspects of Mexican living. This armed conflict was said to be due to political repression and fraud as well as large income inequalities. Then, large haciendas were mostly owned by a few but worked by millions of underpaid peasants living in precarious conditions.Meanwhile, during 1930 to 1970 Mexico was dubbed by economic historians as the Mexican Miracle. This period is said to be characterized by economic growth as sp urred by a model of import- commuting industrialization (ISI). This model has protected and promoted the development of national industries. Through the ISI model, the country experienced an economic boom through which industries rapidly expanded their production.Important changes in the economic structure include the free land distribution to peasants under the concept of ejido, the nationalization of the oil and railroad companies, the introduction of social rights into the constitution, the birthing of large and influential labor unions, and the upgrading of infrastructure. From 1940 to 1970 GDP increased six fold, whereas population doubled. The ISI model had reached its peaked in the late 1960s.During the 1970s, the administrations of Echeverra and Lpez Portillo tried to exalt the economy and began to include social development in their policies, an effort that entailed more public sp completion. However, the government opinionated to borrow from international capital market s to invest in the state-owned oil smart set which in turn seemed to provide a long-run income fount to promote social welfare in the advent of the discovery of huge oil fields during those times where oil legal injurys were surging and international interest rates were low and even negative.In fact, this method has produced a remarkable growth in public expenditure, and President Lpez Portillo announced that the time had come to learn to manage prosperity. This period of prosperity, however, was accompanied by the mismanagement of resources and inflation.In 1981-1982, the international medical prognosis changed abruptly. This has been manifested by oil prices eventually plunging as well as the detrimental increase in interest rates. In 1982, President Lpez Portillo before ending his administration decided to suspend payments of foreign debt, devalued the peso and nationalized the banking system along with many other industries that were severely affected by the crisis.While i mport substitution had produced an era of industrialization in previous decades, it was evident that that protracted protection had produced an uncompetitive industrial sector with low productivity gains. Meanwhile, President de la capital of Spain was the commencement exercise in the series of presidents that began to implement neoliberal reforms.After the crisis of 1982, lenders were unwilling to return to Mexico and in order to keep the current account in balance. With this, the government has decided to resort to currency devaluations which has produced an effect that sparked unprecedented inflation. Its inflation rate has reached its historical high in 1987 at approximately 159.7%.In order to stabilize all the ominous economic activities in Mexico, Mexico has decided to liberalize its trade policies. It has been said that the first step toward the liberalization of its trade was the incorporation of Mexicos signature of GATT in 1986. During the Salinas administration in Mexic o, state-owned companies were privatized with the nonable exception of the oil industry and energy since these industries were primarily protected by their constitution. In addition, the North American Free Trade Agreement was signed in 1992 between the United States, Canada and Mexico.Soon after, the signature of two additional supplements on environments and labor standards came into effect on January 1, 1994. Aside from these, the Salinas administration also introduced strict price controls and negotiated smaller minimum wage increments with labor unions with the aim of curbing inflation. While his strategy was successful in reducing inflation, economic growth pf Mexico has averaged only 2.8 portion a year. Although this has been the case, it barely shows that little by little Mexico is slowly recovering from the past mistakes of previous administrations. Also, the move to liberalize the trade policies would historically help them go through that there would exist positive ec onomic growth for the people.After several administrations trying to pose remedy on seemingly difficult-situated economy of Mexico, the Salinas government proved that Mexico can still be at par with the economic activities of other countries in the world. Meanwhile, the Mexican economy rather its official money gained strength by enforcing a fixed exchange rate. It has been said that the peso has become overvalued while the consumer spending increased. With this Mexicos current account deficit to reach 7% of gross domestic product in 1994, which was primarily financed through public debt instruments called tesobonos.This financing system has reassured Mexicos payment in dollars. However, the momentary economic growth was again placed in a bad light after the Chiapas revolt and the assassinations of the most-likely to win presidential candidate as well as the nations prosecutor in 1994, which eventually move an unfavorable message to investors, both existing and potential.Meanwhile, public debt holders rapidly sold their tesobonos which depleted the Central Banks reserves. Portfolio investments, on the other hand, which had made up 90% of substance investment flows, left the country as fast as they had come in. This unsustainable situation eventually forced the Zedillo administration to abandon the fixed exchange rate because this seemingly has not proved great worth to the Mexican economy.During that time, the peso neatly devalued and the country entered into an economic crisis in 1995. The boom in exports as well as an international rescue package crafted by American president Bill Clinton in a certain way helped cushion the crisis. And after less than 18 months, the economy of Mexico was seen to be slowly recovering again. During that 18 months, the annual growth rate of Mexico was aid to have averaged for about 5.1 percent between 1995 and 2000.President Zedillo and President Fox continued with trade liberalization. During their administrations, several free trade agreements were signed with Latin American and European countries as well as in Japan and Israel in order to maintain macroeconomic stability. With this, Mexico became one of the most open countries in the world to trade and its economy base shifted accordingly. The total trade of Mexico with the United States and Canada eventually tripled and its total exports and imports almost quadrupled between 1991 and 2003. Mexicos economy is now characterized with a favorable rating as foreign investment was changed from portfolio to foreign-direct investment (FDI).During the last quarter of 2000, it has been said that the Mexican economy grew at an annual rate of 5.1 percent which has marked its twentieth consecutive quarter of economic growth. For the entire year, the gross domestic product of Mexico then increased by 6.9 percent, the second highest growth rate in two decades. Indeed, the implementation of sound fiscal and monetary policies during 2000 enabled Mexico to achieve, and in most cases outperform, the main economic targets established at the beginning of the year.In addition, Mexicos gross domestic product (GDP) in 2000 grew by 6.9 percent in real terms, 2.4 component points higher than the original target of 4.5 percent. In current prices, its GDP amounted to 5,432.3 billion pesos (approximately US$574.8 billion). This increase was brought about by the 10 percent expanding upon in gross fixed capital formation which was supported by the increase in private investments, and by an 8.7 percent growth in private consumption. On the other hand, public spending was said to have registered only a moderate 3.5 percent increase during the year.The most vigorous component of come demand during that time was the export sector, which expanded at an annual growth rate of 16 percent. For 2000 as a whole, the value of exports totaled US$166.4 billion. In terms of sector performance, the primary sector which included the agriculture, livestock, fishing and f orestry has expanded at a rate of 3.4 percent in 2000. Meanwhile, the industrial sector which included the mining, manufacturing, construction and electricity as well as the services sector, which included commerce, transportation, communication and financial services, grew only by 6.6 and 7.4 percent, respectively.In an article written by Dickerson, however, Mexicos economy slowed in the last three months of 2006. This was aid to have been brought about by the consequences in the United States Tough times in Mexico typically fuel immigration north of the border. In the same year, it has been said that Mexicos gross domestic product only expanded 4.3% in the October-to-December period from the final quarter of 2005 establish on the figures released by the finance ministry. It was said to be the third consecutive period of poky growth in the nations economic output as manifested with a sharp decline from the 5.5% expansion registered in the first quarter. The deceleration was blamed largely on a sluggish factory sector and a slowdown in exports to Mexicos principal customer, the United States.In 2006, Mexico only posted GDP growth of 4.8% which has been considered the strongest since 2000. High oil prices pumped record tax revenue into government coffers. The economy of the United States, Mexicos biggest trading partner, is also weakening. Meanwhile, Mexicos inflation has been rising, its oil production is slipping, and the nations bellwether auto sector has hit a speed bump. Its inflation has been greatly manifested by soaring unemployment as well as rising prices on basics including tortillas, milk and eggs have sparked street protests. The unemployment rate of most of its people was also affected with the slower rate of remittance by those working outside their country.It has been said that most Mexican families only rely on the remittances sent home. Remittances have become the nations second-largest source of foreign exchange behind oil revenue. The slowd own in economic growth is attributed also to manufacturing. Mexicos factory or manufacturing sector only expanded 3.1% in the final quarter of the year. In the first three months of the year, it grew by only about 7% which was driven by a rebound in producing automobiles.The Mexican plants of Ford Motor Co., General Motors Corp. and DaimlerChrysler has only accounted for about 70% of the cars assembled in Mexico and most of which end up in American showrooms, not also in Mexico since customers as surely to swarm over luxury vehicles when it would be showcased in the United States. entirely, the U.S. gross revenue slump has trimmed Mexican production of vehicles as well as its exports after it only acquired a 5% growth rate in December. The front accelerated in January as exports tumbled to 88,915 vehicles, a 20.7% drop from January 2006.In last year, Mexicos overall export growth also slipped to 6% in November and 4% in December after an average increase of 19% over the first 10 m onths of the year. Its Industrial production barely grew a 1.6% rate in December, much lower than forecasts made by most economists. Meanwhile, consumer prices have also been predicted to be rising. Mexico ended 2006 with an inflation rate of 4.05%, up from 3.3% in 2005. This was said to be brought about mainly by skyrocketing prices for agricultural products which include tomatoes, tortillas and other basic foodstuffs. However, this phenomenon of skyrocketing agricultural prices could force Mexicos central bank to raise interest rates, which could eventually help put a stop to inflation while become a impression to economic growth.On the other hand, Mexicos oil sector was said to have not contributed much to the economic growth of the country in 2007. This has been manifested by the continuing increase in petroleum prices although it has declined steeply since last summers record highs, meaning less oil revenue for Mexicos treasury. Production also has fallen sharply at Cantarell, its largest oil field, a major worry in a nation that last year relied on petrodollars to fund nearly 40% of public spending.As earlier stated, the remittances which has also become part of the economic activity in Mexico have shown signs of sluggish growth. Mexican workers last year only remitted almost $23 billion to their families. But the pace of growth decelerated markedly over the course of the year. In the first quarter of 2006, remittances grew 27.5% compared with the January-to-March period in 2005. In the final three months of last year, remittances were up just 5.5% over the same period the year before. However, November and December were seen to actually be stagnated in terms of growth.It has also been said that the slower economic growth of Mexico could be a result of tighter U.S. border enforcement. To some, it is a sign of progress for border agents but a potential blow for Mexico, where remittances have become a pillar of the economy.Agriculture, as a percentage o f GDP, has been steady declining. However, this has been also encountered ny most developing nations as it plays a smaller role in the economy. In 2006, the agriculture sector of Mexico has accounted for only 3.9% of GDP, down from 7% in 1980, and 25% in 1970. Nonetheless, given the historic structure of ejidos, it still employs a considerably high percentage of the work force 18% in 2003 which are mostly of basic crops for subsistence as compared to 2-5% in developed nations in which production is highly mechanized.In spite of creation a staple in Mexican diet, Mexicos comparative advantage in agriculture is not in edible corn, but in horticulture, tropical fruits and vegetables. Negotiators of free trade agreements are expected that through liberalization and mechanization of agriculture, two-thirds of Mexican corn-producers would naturally shift from corn production to horticultural and other labor-intensive crops such as fruits, nuts, vegetables, coffee and sugar cane. While ho rticultural trade has drastically increased due to these agreements, it has not absorbed displaced workers from corn production which has been estimated at around 600,000.Moreover, corn production has remained stable as a result of income support to farmers or a reticence to abandon a millenarian tradition in Mexico not only have peasants grown corn for millennia, corn originated in Mexico. Even today, Mexico is still the fourth largest corn producer in the world.Meanwhile, the industrial sector as a whole have benefited from trade liberalization. In 2000, it has been said to have accounted for almost 90% of all export earnings. As earlier stated, the most important industrial manufacturer in Mexico is the automotive industry This industry are internationally recognized for their standards of quality. Although this has been the case, the automobile sector in Mexico differs from that in other Latin American countries and developing nations in that it does not function as a mere assem bly manufacturer.The industry produces technologically complex components and engages in some query and development activities. The Big Three which includes General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have been operating in Mexico since the 1930s. Volkswagen and Nissan on the other hand had only built their plants in the 1960s. Now, even other car producers such as Honda, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz have joined in. Given the high requirements of North-American components in the industry, many European and Asian parts suppliers have also moved to Mexico for one reason alone, that is, because most labor oriented employment has been subjected to lower costs.Meanwhile, some large industries of Mexico include Cemex the third largest cement conglomerate in the world in term of alcohol beverage industries has represented a meager amount in the economic activity of the country. It has been said that high-tech industrial production represented 21% of total exports, the highest in Latin America. Apart fro m Cemex, the alcohol beverage industry includes world-renowned players like Grupo Modelo, or conglomerates like FEMSA, which apart from owning breweries and the OXXO toilet facility store chain, is also the second-largest Coca-Cola bottler in the world. It also include Gruma, the largest producer of corn flour and tortillas in the world, Bimbo, Telmex, Televisa, and many other high-tech industries, many of which are based in Monterrey.Maquiladoras or the Mexican factories which take in imported raw materials and produce goods for export have become the nucleus of trade in Mexico. This sector has benefited from the free trade agreements being pushed by several administrations in Mexico. The real income in the maquiladora sector has increased 15.5% since 1994, though from the non-maquiladora sector has grown much faster.Contrary to fashionable belief, this should be no surprise since maquiladoras products could enter the US duty free since the 1960s industry agreement. Other secto rs now benefit from the free trade agreement and that the serving of exports from non-border states has increased in the last 5 years while the share of exports from maquiladora-border states has decreased.Meanwhile, mineral resources are the nations property by constitution. As such, the energy sector is administered by the government with varying degrees of private investment. By fact, Mexico is the fifth-largest oil producer in the world with the capacity to produce about 3.8 million barrels per day. The public company in charge of administering research, exploitation and sales of oil and is considered the largest oil in Latin America is Pemex, which makes $86 billion in sales a year. Their sales constitutes a sum larger than the GDP of some of the regions countries.However, although it has been said that Pemex is the largest oil company, their growth is temporarily hampered with the imposition of high taxes, which eventually is a significant source of revenue for the government . Without enough money to continue investing in finding new sources or upgrading infrastructure and being protected constitutionally from private and foreign investment, some have predicted the company may face institutional collapse. While the oil industry is still relevant for the governments budget, its importance in GDP and exports has steadily fallen since the 1980s. In 1980 oil exports accounted for 61.6% of total exports by 2000 it was only 7.3%.On the other hand, the service sector was estimated to account for 70.5% of the countrys GDP, and employs 58% of the active population. This section includes transportation, commerce, warehousing, restaurant and hotels, arts and entertainment, health, education, financial and banking services, telecommunications as well as public administration and defense. Mexicos service sector has been strong, and in 2001 it replaced Brazils as the largest service sector in Latin America in dollar terms.Moreover, the tourism industry is also one of the most important industries in Mexico. It is the fourth largest source of foreign exchange for the country. Mexico is the eight most visited countries in the world with over 20 million tourists a year.Meanwhie, the financial and banking sector is increasingly dominated by foreign companies or mergers of foreign and Mexican companies with the notable exception of Banorte. The acquisition of Banamex, one of the oldest surviving financial institutions in Mexico, by Citigroup was the largest US-Mexico corporate merger at 12.5 billion USD. Banamex generates almost three times as much revenue than all 16 Citigroups subsidiaries in the rest of Latin America. In spite of that, the largest financial institution in Mexico is Bancomer associated to the Spanish BBVA.The mental process of institution building in the financial sector in Mexico has evolved hand in hand with the efforts of financial liberalization and of inserting the economy more fully into world markets. The financial sector is becoming stable over the years with the acquisitions of foreign institutions such as US-based Citigroup, Spains BBVA and the UKs HSBC. Their presence coupled with a repair regulatory framework has allowed Mexicos banking system to recover from their financial crisis manifested by the peso devaluation.Pubic modify as well as in lending in the private sector is increasing and so is activity in the areas of insurance, leasing and mortgages. However, bank credit accounts for only 22% of GDP, which is significantly low compared to 70% in Chile. Although lending has been widely accepted now in mexico, credit in the agricultural sector has fallen 45.5% in six years from 2001 to 2007 and has now represented about 1% of total bank loans.It has been described by critics that Mexicos economy is like an airplane flying with only one engine, that engine-exports-is powerful enough to keep the country from crashing but not powerful enough to lift the whole country. Unless the motor of domesti c demand turns over as well, Mexicos economy will never rightfully take off. Mexicos current economic system fails to generate even a fraction of the one million new jobs that Mexicans seek each year, and it does not seem to promise rapid growth in the future. Indeed, one unstated but inescapable conclusion is that Mexico cannot hardly catch up to its free-trade partners in North America even at par with their respective living standards.Mexicos economy which ahs said to be undercapitalized, inefficient, mistrusted, and biased in favor of large enterprises have remained a mug or a serious barrier to broad-based economic growth. A few thousand large agro industries like exporting fruits, vegetables, and some livestock have anchor considerable success. Meanwhile, a significant proportion of commercial producers are bankrupt.The peasant maize economy is battered by free trade, but it will not disappear because there is a dearth of alternative employment. Good agricultural lands go u ncultivated because farmers cannot compete with imports from the United States, while poor peasants deplete natural resources on lands poorly suited to agriculture.A third problem that surface at some points is the collusive nature of business-government relations. Mexico often remains a country where kale are privatized and losses socialized.Underlying many of Mexicos problems is the need for more government revenue. Budget reductions have been responsible for rather striking cuts in government investment, which in turn, have dampened domestic demand and weakened certain sectors of the economy. Tax collection as a percentage of gross domestic products actually fell during the 1990s, a trend that underscores how inadequate has been the focus on the revenue side of Mexicos budget. The problem is especially acute with regard to social spending. Mexico could potentially afford close-to-universal health care coverage and more extensive antipoverty programs all it would really need to do is raise taxes by about 5 percent of GDP.WORKS CITED(1996). Mexico Economy. Retrieved 18 April 2007, from Travel Document Systems, Inc. Websitehttp//www.traveldocs.com/mx/economy.htm.(2003). Economic Report Mexico. Retrieved 17 April 2007, from Websiteunpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN001680.pdf.(2007). Economy of Mexico. Retrieved 17 April 2007, from Websitehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico/Economy.(2007). Mexicos Economy. Retrieved 17 April 2007, from Economist.com Websitehttp//www.economist.com/research/backgrounders/displaybackgrounder.cfm?bg=629589.Whalen, Christopher (1995). Mexico Whats Next? Retrieved 17 April 2007, fromWebsitehttp//www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/alopez-o/politics/whatsnext.htmlBaker, Dean (2006). Beat the nip Surprising News on Mexico at the Washington Post. Retrieved 17 April 2007, from Website http//beatthepress.blogspot.com/2006/04/surprising-news-on-mexico-at.htmlDickerson, Marla, . (2007). Mexico Economy Losses Steam. Retrieved 17 A pril 2007, from Los Angeles Times Websitehttp//www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mexico17feb17,1,2750169.story?coll=la-headlines-business&ctrack=1&cset=true.Lawson, Chappell, . (2004). Confronting Development Assessing Mexicos Economic and brotherly Policy Challenges Latin America. Retrieved 17 April 2007, from Massachusetts Institute of Technology Websitehttp//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4000/is_200404/ai_n9363872/pg_4.Mexico. Britannica Book of the Year, 2004. 2007. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. 18 Apr. 2007

Catcher in the rye Essay

The novels The backstop in the Rye by J.D Salinger and Ordinary batch by Judith Guest be very compar adequate to(p) in a way the dickens novels demonstrate the daily obstacles that teenagers have to overcome. In The Catcher in the Rye it is sh avouch to us that Holden Caulfield is difficult to overcome depression and in Ordinary People it is shown to us that Conrad Jarrett gets accepted by his family members and peers again and finds happiness later his depression. The loss of a sibling hobo have a big stir and similar effects on deuce different peoples lives, such as Holden Caulfield and Conrad Jarrett. Their thoughts and actions that they coiffure are much influenced by their peers, parents or guardians, and female relationship in their lives.To begin with, in The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield does not have good relationship with his peers and sooner he mainly criticizes them by thinking everyone around him is phony. For instance, since Holden is a protector of inn ocence he needinessed to protect Jane, who is a girl that he once liked from Stradlater trying to do sexual intercourse, resulting into a fight. all I know is I got up from the spot, like I was going down to the female genitalia or something, and then I tried to sock him, with all my might (Salinger 43). This proves that through alienation Holden cannot get his feelings out quick enough which causes action to happen. not only Holden uses violence to express his emotions but also Conrad Jarrett in the novel Ordinary People does the same.This can be shown when Conrad decides to attend a school swim-meet after school. As the meet ends, Conrads name his friends and as usual, Kevin Stillman begins to give Conrad a tough time, asking him or so Jeannine. Conrad loses control and snaps by attacking Stillman the sound bust the parking lot, the red brick wall of building behind him, the white doors, gray cement all dissolving into broken bits of color, heading swiftly toward him as he slam his fist, breathed, against that face (Guest 143). After this conflict, Conrad realizes that he has always thought the loss of his brother only as it affects him.Next, this brings us to the theme of isolation in the consideration of peer relationships. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden isolates himself from his peers. He relies on his isolation to maintain his detachment from the world and self-protection he even often sabotages his own attempts to end loneliness. For instance, he calls out Sally Hayes for a date and urges her to run away with him to Massachusetts or Vermont, when Sally rejects him, he displays rude port as he states to her you give me a royal pain in the ass, if you want to know the truth (Salinger 133).On the other hand, Conrad opposes two types of characteristic in line with depression a lack of feeling and a tendency towards isolation. Accordingly, Conrad creates an imaginary block between him and his peers. When he is alone, he would pull up onto his b ed and blocking out the sharp arrows of sun that pierce through the window (Guest 10). In this way, he hides his unwanted emotions and feelings from his peers by being isolate. With the isolation between the two characters, they also lead into becoming anti-social with their peers. It is evident in The Catcher in the Rye that Holden does not have a good relationship with his peers. Holden has a weapons-grade anger against everyone and that results into having a hard time developing a relationship with peers. Girls with lousy legs, girls that looked like swell girls, girls that looked like theyd be bitches if you knew them (Salinger 123). This proves that Holden believes everyone surrounded by him are phonies because he cannot accept the fact that society changes.Likewise, Conrad becomes anti-social by spending more time in the library than with his friends and consequently he starts to lose his outdo friend Joe Lazenby. At one point in the novel, Joe Lazenby has a talk with Conra d, which ends up in an argument. Conrad then begins to feel hollow in the pit of his stomach, as if he was being punched and he thought to himself, never mind him, screw him screw them they were all Bucks friends anyway (Guest 83). This suggests that Conrad is becoming more isolated and antisocial due to the loss of his brother Buck.Secondly, in addition to peer influence, Holden and Conrad are deeply affected by their relationships with their parents and guardians. To start off, Holden in the Catcher in the Rye is afraid to be seen by his parents from being kicked out of school. I began to relax, sort of. I mean I finally quit worrying about whether theyd catch me home or not. I figured the hell with it. If they did, they did (Salinger 163). It is apparent that the he does not want to be seen because his parents will just see him as a screw up, since his other brother D.B is more successful.This is similar to Conrads relationship with his parents in Ordinary People. Conrad feels th athe is a disappointment to his parents, since his honest-to-god brother has an image of being superior. To illustrate, but it had been Conrad, shaken and scared who answered him, not Buck. Buck had never worried about anything (Guest 117). Conrad is being compared to Buck, proving his weakness. Conrad is projecting a self-image of himself through his parents and which he is suggesting that he is the problem. As these two characters become more distant from their parents, they start receive less attention from them.In the case of Holden in the Catcher in the Rye, his parents just move him to another school instead of admitting that there may be something wrong with him. For example, theyll be pretty irritated about it, they genuinely will. This is about the fourth school Ive gone to (Salinger 9). This indicates that Holden does not understand his parents and they do not understand him. In the same way, Conrad mostly has a hard time communicating with his mother and starts to fe el isolated from her. For instance, it took Conrad one month to admit to his parents he had quit the swim team, as he was afraid of their disproval. When his parents undercoat out, his mother becomes infuriated with him. Conrad replies and says, Im sure I would have told you. If you gave a damn (Guest 109). It is clear that the loss of Buck may have an impact on the poor communication between Conrad and his mother. It appears as though Conrad is still living in the past while his mother is trying to move on.Although the two characters have difficult relationships with their parents, they still have their guardians. To exemplify, Holden and his former school teacher Mr. Antolini have been friends for a long time, and the two are obviously close. It is evident Mr. Antolini cares a lot about his Holden, as he encourages him to take education more seriously and focus more on meaningful activities I laid raise for just a couple of seconds thinking about all that stuff Mr. Antolinid tol d me. About finding out the size of your mind and all. He was rightfully a pretty smart guy (Salinger 191).This demonstrates Mr. Antolini concerns about Holden. Similarly, Conrad is capable to gain support from Dr. Berger, his psychiatrist. Conrad shows his close relationship with Dr. Berger by seeking lots of advice about his problems. For instance, Conrad was able to seek help from Dr. Berger when he was going through an emotional breakdown with his brothers loss. Dr. Berger was able to provide comfort as he stated, it is a very far-out act of self-preservation, do you get that Con? And you were right. Nobody needs you to be Buck. Its okay to be just you (Guest 177). Dr. Berger ends up display Conrad that healing from depression involves feeling anything, even anger.Lastly, Holden and Conrad each have important female figures in their lives. One of the important females to Holden would be his little ten-year-old sister, quintet. Phoebe helped Holden get hold his problems and i s the only one he trusts in his life. Then I took my hunting hat out of my coat pocket and gave it to her. She likes those kind of crazy hats. She didnt want to take it, but I made her (Salinger 180). This demonstrates how much Holden trusts Phoebe because the red hunting hat was important to him during his journey.On the other hand, Conrad meets a girlfriend, Jeannine. Jeannine provides a build stage into Conrads life. While Jeannine is helping to rebuild Conrads life, Phoebe is helping Holden to resolve his problems. Although Phoebe is still young, she can tell that he indispensable her. For instance, Holden could not hold back and started to bitch, I couldnt help it. I did it so nobody could hear me, but I did it she came over and tried to make me stop, but once you get started, you cant just stop on a goddam dime (Salinger 179). Jeannine gives Conrad the confidence required to challenge umpteen problems. For example, I said a stupid thing that day. I didnt know about your brother, then. Im sorry there are worse things.People do worst things than that (Guest 123). She lets him solves his own problems and does not get involved where she is not needed. Moreover, the girls have one similar effect on the boys Phoebe and Jeannine makes them feel needed. To emphasize, Phoebe refuses Holden to leave for the West just to show how much she needs him. When Phoebe meets Holden, she states, Im going with you. Can I? Okay? (Salinger 206). Also, when Jeannine was upset and started to cry over her mothers new relationship with a man, Conrad was there to support her. Conrad mentioned that he feels as if he could stand here holding her forever he has never felt so strong, so needed (Guest 159). This proves that without these females in both of Holden and Conrads lives, regaining and solving their problems would have been challenging.In conclusion, the lost connection in both of their lives was right in front of them the entire time. Both Holden and Conrad solved the ir problems with the love and forgiveness. Without their brothers that they have lost, parents and guardians, and female friends, the two main characters would not have been able to change into a better people In the end, the lesson that the two novels have taught us is that no matter what situation you are in, you will always be able to find your self and have support from many loved ones.

Descriptive Essays vs. Narrative Essays Essay

Many people have different preferences on what type of opus style they think is to a greater extent superior to another, I believe descriptive writing to be more excellent writing style then narrative. I can allege you that there are a few similarities and a few differences in the midst of the two. I prefer Descriptive essays, rather than narrative essays. In my belief, its that the descriptive essays are more effective when an author is move to convey a story or get a communicate across than narratives. Descriptive essays keep the contributor engaged throughout the story. It provides the proofreader with more in depth details, and it allows the reader to better envision the picture that the author is trying to paint. Descriptive and narrative essays have a few traits in common. typically both almost make you feel as if you are present with the author. They both usually tell you of an event that the author went thru or a message the author wants you to receive.Whether you are adaptation the Personal Narrative or Descriptive Essay both are very creative form of writing. The difference between a narrative essay and descriptive essay is that the narrative essay is more catered to someones point of view in order to tell a story, whereas the descriptive essay describes a person or the place or an event by using vivid images. The writer describes a sort or personality or offices our sense of smell, touch, sound, taste. Descriptive essays show a reader and do not tell them. Descriptive essays give a make out of details for instance, would you prefer to read an essay with a sentence analogous, the girl ran down the street or the young girl ran down the street habiliment light blue shorts and a white top, as her blonde hair blew in the wind. The second sentence would catch a readers attention more than the first. This is a example as to why I believe descriptive essays are better than narrative essay, because they paint a better picture.On Christmas Eve I saw that my mother had outdone herself in creating a strange menu. She was pulling black veins out of the backs of fleshy prawns. The kitchen was littered with appall mounds of raw food A slimy rock cod with bulging eyes that pleaded not to be thrown into a pan of hot oil. Tofu, which weighed like stacked wedges of rubbery white sponges.A bowl soaking dried fungus back to life. A plate of squid, their backs crisscrossed with knife markings, so they resembled bicycle tires. Tan, A. (2013). This is an invite out from the descriptive essay Fish Cheeks. When we as a writer provide our readers with such descriptive details you can almost picture yourself in that kitchen, and I became engaged from this point on. It is easy for the reader to get wrapped up in the story when the author is using descriptive language to paint a vivid picture. The audience can visualize the food, and the way it looks. Narratives are more direct and straight to the point, and that can cause a lot of readers to get preoccupied or disengaged. A descriptive essay takes the dialogue to a different height by the details given by the author allowing us as a reader the ability to share the authors experiences by explaining and to show us rather than conscionable telling us.When giving more details, the reader obtains more of the story. When reading the article I Want a Wife (Brady, 1971), the author gives a brief translation of their friend who had recently become divorced and was now feeling for a new wife. The author goes into explain how she also, would like a new wife. She then explains the duties her new wife would complete for her. The new wife would be preparing meals and retentiveness a clean home. Here comes my issue with this narrative, I am left wondering about this womans story. I want to know who she is. Is this description of her own marriage? What is her husband like? Is she not happy? Does she like being a wife? Narrative essay focus more on the information, and again tel ling the reader the story from the point to point they may use different forms of dialogue to convey this message to the audience. The author may use intriguing humor or tell the story first hand in first person to try to make the reader interested. The benefit of writing a story that contains many details is that it also allows the reader to visualize and feel the emotions that the author is trying to convey.The descriptive language presented in Fish Cheeks the reader is able to visualize them as a fourteen year old who describes a Christmas Eve dinner when she as fourteen, how she felt when the boy she had a wad on, who, was also a ministers son and his family had been invited to have a traditional Chinese dinner with her family. Her being afraid of what he would think of her and her culture, and of how she just wanted to fit in When she finds out he is invited to dinner, she cries because she fears what he might think of her and her families ChineseChristmas celebrations. Her fe ars came to life just as her mother brought out the irritated fish, with its eyeballs still on. Also, her father added to her worries by poking the fishs cheeks and announcing that it was her favorite. When everyone left Amys mother handed her a gift a mini skirt, and told Amy that she could look like an American girl on the outside, but she would remain a Chinese girl on the inside, saying to Amy Your only shame is to have shame. It was a lesson that she would understand many years later. When Amy describes, this all I can visualize every piece of her story.In conclusion, by the author providing descriptive language and more in depth details to captivate and engage their audience, and by also allowing the reader to become wrapped up in the moments and emotions being depicted and particolored throughout the story and providing a more engaging experience for the reader, this means to me that a descriptive essay is more beneficial than a narrative essay. A descriptive essay has a la rger and long lasting impression and impact on the reader, and the audience walks away as if they just lived the story or event described themselves. It not only has that but, also the message that the author was trying to convey been instilled into the reader to remember forever.ReferencesTan, A. (2013). Fish cheeks. Retrieved from http//redroom.com/member/amy-tan/writing/fish-cheeksBrady, J. (1971). I want a wife. Retrieved from http//bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/everythingsanargument4e/content/cat_020/Brady_I_Want_a_Wife.pdf